PERANCANGAN ALAT DERET HITUNG UNTUK ANAK-ANAK AUTIS MENGGUNAKAN QFD DAN USABILITY TESTING

Authors

  • Anita Khairunnisa, Romadhani Ardi dan Amalia Suzianti

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37721/kalibrasi.v2i0.577

Abstract

Saat ini, alat permainan edukatif khusus untuk anak-anak autis masih sangat jarangditemukan, dan seringnya masih disamakan dengan anak-anak normal. Padahal,anak-anak berkebutuhan khusus membutuhkan alat-alat edukatif yang juga khusus.Sebagian besar alat-alat edukatif untuk anak-anak autis yang telah dibuat adalah alatalat berteknologi tinggi dan hanya melatih anak-anak autis dalam hal berkomunikasidan bersosialisasi. Untuk itu, penelitian ini membahas tentang rancangan alat derethitung untuk anak-anak autis sebagai alat permainan edukatif dengan menggunakanmetode QFD dan Usability Testing. Penelitian ini melibatkan anak-anak autis dari SLBPelita Hati dan SLB Cipta Anugerah di Jakarta Timur. Hasil dari rancangan alat derethitung ini berupa prototipe berteknologi tinggi yang sesuai dengan sifat dankebutuhan anak-anak autis. Metode Usability Testing dilakukan dengan memberikankuesioner kepada para guru sambil dipersilakan menggunakan prototipe alat derethitung ini. Didapatkan hasil bahwa alat deret hitung untuk anak-anak autis haruslahtidak memiliki sudut-sudut tajam, dan alat permainan edukatif yang tidak anti air tidakakan mempengaruhi proses belajar mengajar di kelas.Kata kunci: Alat deret hitung; alat permainan edukatif; autis; QFD; Usability Testing.

References

Andreae, Helen., Andreae, Peter., Low, Jason., & Brown, Deidre. 2014. A Study Of

Auti: A Socially Assistive Robotic Toy. IDC'14, June 17–20, 2014, Aarhus,

Denmark.

Astutik, Itsnaini Puji. 2010. Penerapan Metode ABA (Applied Behavior Analysis)

dengan Media Kartu Bergambar dan Benda Tiruan secara Simultan untuk

Meningkatkan Pengenalan Angka pada Siswa Kelas II di SDLB Autis Harmony

Surakarta Tahun Pelajaran 2009/2010. Skripsi: Universitas Sebelas Maret

Surakarta.

Barton, Erin E., Lawrence, Karen., & Deurloo, Florien. 2012. Individualizing

Interventions for Young Children with Autism in Preschool. J Autism Dev Disord

(2012) 42:1205–1217.

Billard, Aude. 2003. Robota: Clever toy and educational tool. Robotics and

Autonomous SystemsVolume 42, Issues 3–4, 31 March 2003, Pages 259–269

Cankaya, Serkan., & Kuzu, Abdullah. 2010. Investigating the characteristics of

educational computer games developed for children with autism: a project

proposal. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences 9 (2010) 825 – 830.

Cassidy, S.A., Stenger, B., Dongen, L. Van., Yanagisawa, K., Anderson, R., Wan, V.,

Baron-Cohen, S., & Cipolla, R. 2016. Expressive visual text-to-speech as an

assisstive technology for individuals with autism spectrum conditions. Computer

Vision and Image Understanding 148 (2016) 193 – 200.

Chase, Lindsey., Eskildsen, Emma., Fox, Alex., Francis, Claire., Hoffmann, Nate.,

Keck, Kaylee., & Sullivan, Sarah. 2016. Portable Sensory Room:for the West

Orange County Consortium for Special Education.

Didehbani, Nyaz., Allen, Tandra., Kandalaft, Michelle., & Krawczyk, Daniel. 2016.

Virtual Reality Social Cognition Training for children with high functioning autism.

Computers in Human Behavior 62 (2016) 703-711.30

Edwards, Jacqueline., Jeffrey, Sarah., May, Tamara., Rinehart, Nicole J., & Barnett,

Lisa M. 2016. Does playing a sports active video game improve object control

skills of children with autism spectrum disorder? Journal of Sport and Health

Science xx (2016) 1–8.

Friso, V. R., Silva, J. C. R. P., Landim, P. C. & Paschoarelli, L. C. 2015. Ergonomic

Analysis of Visual and Tactile Information of Materials Used in the Manufacture of

Toys. Procedia Manufacturing 3 (2015) 6161 – 6168.

Garvin. 1984. Product Quality. [Online] www.onquality.info/2010/04/product-qualityby-dr-garvin-1984.html/ (diakses pada 16 Mei 2017).

Groskreutz, Nicole C., Groskreutz, Mark P., & Higbee, Thomas S. 2011. Effects of

varied levels of treatment integrity on appropriate toy manipulation in children with

autism. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders 5 (2011) 1358–1369.

Hasnita, Evi., & Hidayati, Tri Riska. 2015. Terapi Okupasi Perkembangan Motorik

Halus Anak Autisme. JURNAL IPTEKS TERAPAN Research of Applied Science

and Education V9.i1 (20-27).

Hsieh, Hsieh-Chun. 2008. Effects of ordinary and adaptive toys on pre-school children

with developmental disabilities. Research in Developmental DisabilitiesVolume

, Issue 5, September–October 2008, Pages 459–466.

Kadomura, Azusa., Tsukada, Koji., Bara, Tetsuaki., & Kushiyama, Kumiko. 2012.

Hangul Gangul: Interactive toy for Hangul learning. ISBN 978-1-4503-1174-

/12/0002.

Kamaruzaman, Muhamad Fairuz., Rani, Nurdalilah Mohd., Nor, Harrinni Md., &

Azahari, Mustafa Halibi Haji. 2016. Developing user interface design application

for children with autism. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences 217 (2016)

-894.

Kementerian Kesehatan RI. 2010. Pedoman Pelayanan Kesehatan Anak di Sekolah

Luar Biasa (SLB) Bagi Petugas Kesehatan. Direktorat Jenderal Bina Kesehatan

Masyarakat – Direktorat Bina Kesehatan Anak.

Kourakli, Maria., et al. 2017. Towards the improvement of the cognitive, motoric and

academic skills of students with special educational needs using Kinect learning

games. International Journal of Child-Computer Interaction 11 (2017) 28–39.

Lieto, Maria Chiara Di., et al. 2017. Educational Robotics intervention on Executive

Functions in preschool children: A pilot study. Computers in Human Behavior 71

(2017) 16-23.

Miskam, Mohd Azfar., et al. 2014. Encouraging Children with Autism to Improve Social

and Communication Skills through the Game-Based Approach. Procedia

Computer Science 42 (2014) 93 – 98.

Muafifah, Rima. 2016. Penggunaan Alat Permainan Edukatif dalam Mengembangkan

Nilai-nilai Agama dan Moral Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun di Kelompok Bermain Ma’arif

Winduaji Kecamatan Paguyangan Kabupaten Brebes Tahun Pelajaran

/2016. Purwokerto: IAIN Purwokerto.

Nouwen, Marije., et al. 2016. Designing an educational music game: What if children

were calling the tune?. International Journal of Child-Computer Interaction 9–10

(2016) 20–32.

Prasetya, Aditya Gita. 2016. Pembelajaran Matematika bagi Anak Autis Kelas III di

Sekolah Dasar Taman Muda Ibu Pawiyatan Yogyakarta. Skripsi: Universitas

Negeri Yogyakarta.

Resnick, Ilyse., et al. 2016. Geometric toys in the attic? A corpus analysis of early

exposure to geometric shapes. Early Childhood Research Quarterly 36 (2016)

–365.31

Rubin, Jeff. & Chisnell, Dana. 2008. Handbook of Usability Testing: How to Plan,

Design, and Conduct Effective Tests. 2nd Edition. Indianapolis: Wiley Publishing,

Inc.

Sabatin, Ibrahim Mahmud. 2015. The effectiveness of using toys in developing

Palestinian students’ communication skills and vocabulary retention. Procedia -

Social and Behavioral Sciences 174 ( 2015 ) 122 – 126.

Söchting, Elisabeth., Hartl, Johannes., Riederer, Martin., Schönauer, Christian.,

Kaufmann, Hannes., & Lamm, Claus. 2015. Development of Tests to Evaluate the

Sensory Abilities of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Procedia Computer

Science 67 (2015) 193 – 203.

Sulistyowati, Dian. 2007. Pembelajaran Matematika pada Anak Autis di Kelas G

Laboratorium Autisme Universitas Negeri Malang (UM). Universitas Negeri

Malang.

Suryani. Meningkatkan Minat Belajar Anak Melalui Alat Permainan Edukatif (APE) di

Kelompok A TK Pertiwi Donggala. Universitas Tadulako.

Wang, Selvy. 2016. Spectroy, Permainan Khusus untuk Anak Penyandang Autisme.

[Online]http://www.pojokpitu.com/baca.php?idurut=35392&&top=1&&ktg=Jatim&

&keyrbk=Life%20Style&&keyjdl=Permainan%20Penyandang%20%20Autisme (5

April 2017).

Waddington, Hannah., Sigafoos, Jeff., Lancioni, Giulio E., O’Reilly, Mark F., Meer,

Larah van der., Carnett, Amarie., Stevens, Michelle., Roche, Laura., Hodis, Flaviu.,

Green, Vanessa A., Sutherland, Dean., Lang, Russell., & Marschik, Peter B. 2014.

Three children with autism spectrum disorders learn to perform a three-step

communication sequence using an iPad- based speech-generating devices. Int. J.

Devl Neuroscience 39 (2014) 59 – 67.

Yilmaz, Rabia M. 2016. Educational magic toys developed with augmented reality

technology for early childhood education. Computers in Human Behavior 54 (2016)

-248.

Zaman, Badru. 2011. Pengembangan Alat Permainan Edukatif di Lembaga

Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (PAUD). Bandung: UPI.

Downloads

How to Cite

Amalia Suzianti, A. K. R. A. dan. (2019). PERANCANGAN ALAT DERET HITUNG UNTUK ANAK-ANAK AUTIS MENGGUNAKAN QFD DAN USABILITY TESTING. Jurnal KaLIBRASI - Karya Lintas Ilmu Bidang Rekayasa Arsitektur, Sipil, Industri, 2(2), 16–31. https://doi.org/10.37721/kalibrasi.v2i0.577